First Recorded Pneumonic Plague Death in Arizona Since 2007 Prompts Health Warning
Flagstaff, Arizona – July 12, 2025 — Health officials have confirmed that a resident of northern Arizona has died from pneumonic plague, marking the first such fatality in the region since 2007. The case was reported in Coconino County, which includes the city of Flagstaff. Authorities have not released the identity of the deceased.
What Is Pneumonic Plague?
Pneumonic plague is the most severe and contagious form of the plague, a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis. While historically infamous for killing millions during the Black Death in the 14th century, modern cases are rare and treatable with antibiotics.
There are three primary forms of plague:
- Bubonic plague – the most common, affects the lymph nodes.
- Septicemic plague – spreads through the bloodstream.
- Pneumonic plague – affects the lungs and is the most easily transmissible and deadly.
How Is Plague Transmitted?
The plague is typically spread through the bites of infected fleas that reside on rodents like prairie dogs, rats, and squirrels. Infected animals can also transmit the bacteria to humans. Direct contact with infected bodily fluids or tissue from dead or sick animals can also cause infection.
Where Do Plague Cases Occur in the U.S.?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an average of seven human plague cases are reported annually in the United States. These cases are usually concentrated in:
- Northern Arizona
- Northern New Mexico
- Southern Colorado
- Southern Oregon
- California
- Far western Nevada
Most of these areas are rural and inhabited by wildlife populations that naturally carry the bacteria.
Public Health Recommendations
Health officials urge residents and visitors to:
- Avoid handling sick or dead animals without protective gear.
- Keep pets free of fleas through regular veterinary care.
- Report unusual rodent die-offs to local authorities.
- Use insect repellent when outdoors in affected areas.
Conclusion: Rare but Dangerous
While rare, pneumonic plague remains a serious public health concern due to its rapid progression and ease of transmission. The recent death in Arizona serves as a stark reminder for residents to take proper precautions, especially in regions known for plague-carrying rodents.
Officials are continuing to monitor the situation and emphasize that early detection and treatment are key to survival. Anyone experiencing sudden flu-like symptoms—especially after contact with animals—should seek immediate medical attention.
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